Most audit reports on financial statements give the business a clean bill of health, or a clean opinion. At the other end of the spectrum, the auditor may state that the financial statements are misleading and should not be relied upon. This negative audit report is called an adverse opinion. That’s the big stick that auditors carry. They have the power to give a company’s financial statements an adverse opinion and no business wants that. The threat of an adverse opinion almost always motivates a business to give way to the auditor and change its accounting or disclosure in order to avoid getting the kiss of death of an adverse opinion. An adverse audit opinion says that the financial statements of the business are misleading. The SEC does not tolerate adverse opinions by auditors of public businesses; it would suspend trading in a company’s stock share if the company received an adverse opinion from its CPA auditor.

One modification to an auditor’s report is very serious – when the CPA firm says that it has substantial doubts about the capability of the business to continue as a going concern. A going concern is a business that has sufficient financial wherewithal and momentum to continue it normal operations into the foreseeable future and would be able to absorb a bad turn of events without having to default on its liabilities. A going concern does not face an imminent financial crisis or any pressing financial emergency. A business could be under some financial distress but overall still be judged a going concern. Unless there is evidence to the contrary, the CPA auditor assumes that the business is a going concern. If an auditor has serious concerns about whether the business is a going concern, these doubts are spelled out in the auditor’s report.

According to Homeland Security, credit card fraud can cost as much as $500 million per year. Consumers are using their credit cards more, which increases the pool that fraudsters can target. When card fraud happens, we all pay for it. Credit card companies increase fees such as the charge back fees and these are passed down to the consumer. Consumers must be extra vigilant when using their credit cards and even more careful when maintaining their financial information.

How can you prevent paying for card fraud?

Even though prevention methods have been issued over the years, millions of us only practice some of the safety measures.

We have been told not to carry all our credit cards with us, but how many of us still do. We rationalise that if my credit cards are at home and my home is burgled, I would be no better off. However if my purse is with me at least I could guard it at all times.

Based on the US Department of Justice report which stated there were 2,154,126 burglaries in 2005 compared to 417,122 robberies nationwide for the same year, I can see your point. But why not use a safe or safety deposit box to store your credit cards. Alternatively you can carry your credit cards in a bag or pouch separate from you purse or wallet.

Fraudsters are becoming more and more sophisticated, and although most credit card fraud occurs online, there are some pretty ingenious ways to commit fraud offline as well. Here are some tips to take note of.

When you use your card and it is returned to you, make sure you check the card carefully. Consumers have been faced with huge bills that were made using their credit cards that were stolen without their knowing. This happens when you pass your card to a merchant to pay for goods and your card is switched with an identical expired card that belong to another person.

Some fraudsters are bold enough to pose as staff at restaurants and sidewalk cafes and without you seeing, simply walk off with your card when you hand it over to pay for a meal. Do not let your credit card out of your site at all. Let your attendant bring a portable card machine to you or make your way to the till to pay for your items.

If you complete a credit card application that you did not post, make sure you shred or burn it. Fraudsters are not beyond searching through your garbage to find items such as credit card receipts, old check books or anything that can give them personal information about you.

There are many other tips for credit card safety; these are just a few to remind you of the need for safety. While the credit card companies try to implement safety measures like chip and pin, the responsibility lies with you the consumer to guard and protect your credit card.

It’s no secret that credit card debt has become a major problem facing our economy today. If you’re one of the millions of consumers suffering from major credit card debt, then you’re probably desperate to get your massive bills under control.

But the options seem limited; you probably think that it’s almost impossible to make your paycheck stretch enough to get a handle on all of your debt. It can be easy to let credit card debt take over your life – don’t let it! Whether you had an accident and had to live off of your credit cards for a few months, or just weren’t smart with your debt, there are ways that you can control your debt and pay it down – without asking your boss for a 50% pay raise! Here are the best tips for credit card debt consolidation:

* Put down the credit card: It may seem like common sense, but if you’re still charging purchases, you will never escape your credit card debt. Hide your credit cards and use your debit card to make your everyday purchases – you’ll soon spend well within your budget!

* Cut down on luxuries: Do you eat out for lunch everyday? Do you absolutely have to have that four dollar latte every morning? Luxuries like these are exactly that – luxuries. When you’re trying to get rid of credit card debt, you have to give up a few unnecessary luxuries. Try bringing your own coffee to work, or make lunch at home. The peace of mind you’ll have once your debt is gone will definitely be worth it.

* Look into a balance transfer: If you’ve been carrying a hefty balance on your credit cards, you may as well be flushing fistfuls of cash down the toilet. When you carry over a balance on your card month after month, your interest rate skyrockets, which puts even more pressure on your wallet. Consider a balance transfer to a low interest rate credit card, which will help save you hundreds of dollars in interest; not to mention make it much easier to pay down your credit card debt.

A balance transfer is a viable option for many individuals, but a warning about low interest rate cards: make sure that you’re not buying into an introductory offer. It can be a real kick when your down if you see your credit card balance shoot up once the balance transfer offer period ends!

* Try consolidation loans: Many banks will offer you private debt consolidation loans to help you pay off that credit card debt. But make sure you’re not charging anything to your cards while paying off the consolidation loans, as you’ll just be digging a deeper financial hole.

* Make extra payments: Many people pay only the minimum payments on their credit cards, but this prolongs the life of your debt – not to mention the hundreds of dollars that you’re throwing away on interest alone. Pay more than the minimum payment, or if you can, make small extra payments throughout the month. You’ll see your debt shrink in no time.

Here’s another tip for making extra payments: use the money you previously spent on unnecessary luxuries towards your credit card debt. For example, if you spent four dollars a day on your large coffee for a month, that’s $120…for some people, that’s like another credit card payment! If you budget your monthly expenses based on what you need – not what you want – you’ll find the money to make those extra payments.

* Dip into your savings account: This suggestion may seem a little shocking, but if you’re drowning in credit card debt, it’s worth dipping into your savings to alleviate the debt. However, if you can possible avoid it, try not to cash out your 401(k) or any other retirement savings you may have.

* Borrow against your life insurance policy: If your life insurance has cash value, borrow against the policy. Again, this suggestion may seem a bit shocking, but you need to get rid of that credit card debt! However, make sure you pay back the loan, as any leftover debt will paid off by using part of your policy. This may seem insignificant now, but your grieving family will thank you for it.

* Get a home equity loan: If you’re a homeowner, and have accumulated equity over the years, consider a home equity loan (HEL) in the amount needed to pay off your credit card debt. Home equity loans often have lower interest rates than those of credit cards, so you’ll be trading off your debt at 18% interest rate for one at 6%. Just using this method you’ll find you have extra cash to pay your debts off.

But before you take out a home equity loan, make sure you’ve learned your lesson regarding credit card debt. Don’t take out a loan, and then continue to use your credit card to make purchases – you’ll only further bury yourself with debt.

* Talk to the credit card companies: After all, they’re human too! If it seems like you’ve tried everything to get your debt under control, with no success, try taking your case to the credit card companies. Let your creditors know your situation. Maybe you still haven’t recovered from that accident, or you had a huge unexpected purchase to make; regardless, ensure you mention the word bankruptcy in the conversation. The last thing credit card companies want to lose is their money, so they’ll often renegotiate your interest rates and debt balance in order to protect their assets.

* Go to credit counseling: Credit counselors are often a great resource for consumers looking to reduce their credit card debt, as they can help cut down your debt balance by more than half. This is often the last step taken by individuals before declaring bankruptcy, and one of the most successful.

If your stressed out and it seems like you are up to your eyeballs in debt then don’t panic, it is possible to get yourself out of debt without working 3 jobs or going bankrupt. Just follow these tips, and you’ll be debt-free in no time; but beware! Make sure you’ve learned your lesson, or else you’ll repeat the debt cycle again and again.

Why do people sell properties using lease options? There is a reason that some of the most successful real estate investors use the lease option technique.

No Down Payment: I know what you’re thinking, “I would never offer such a thing!” You don’t have to. As a real estate investor rich in tools to find motivated sellers, you could get your next home using this lease option technique with no money down. You don’t have to tell the seller that an option fee may be customary!

Principle Pay Down: If an option is accompanied by a lease the possibilities are greater for increased equity build up. By applying a portion of the monthly lease payment amount to the purchase price of the property one has the opportunity to widen the gap between the market value and the loan amount. Depending on whether the monthly rent amount is inline with market rates…this is free money! A 30-year amortized, $100,000 loan at 7% begins at approximately $82 per month of principle payments. A $100 per month rent credit beats that, dollar for dollar, every month for almost 3 years!
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It’s obvious financial statement have a lot of numbers in them and at first glance it can seem unwieldy to read and understand. One way to interpret a financial report is to compute ratios, which means, divide a particular number in the financial report by another. Financial statement ratios are also useful because they enable the reader to compare a business’s current performance with its past performance or with another business’s performance, regardless of whether sales revenue or net income was bigger or smaller for the other years or the other business. In order words, using ratios can cancel out difference in company sizes.

There aren’t many ratios in financial reports. Publicly owned businesses are required to report just one ratio (earnings per share, or EPS) and privately-owned businesses generally don’t report any ratios. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) don’t require that any ratios be reported, except EPS for publicly owned companies.

Ratios don’t provide definitive answers, however. They’re useful indicators, but aren’t the only factor in gauging the profitability and effectiveness of a company.

One ratio that’s a useful indicator of a company’s profitability is the gross margin ratio. This is the gross margin divided by the sales revenue. Businesses don’t discose margin information in their external financial reports. This information is considered to be proprietary in nature and is kept confidential to shield it from competitors.

The profit ratio is very important in analyzing the bottom-line of a company. It indicates how much net income was earned on each $100 of sales revenue. A profit ratio of 5 to 10 percent is common in most industries, although some highly price-competitive industries, such as retailers or grocery stores will show profit ratios of only 1 to 2 percent.